What was the real contribution of endosymbionts to the eukaryotic nucleus? Insights from photosynthetic eukaryotes.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Eukaryotic genomes are composed of genes of different evolutionary origins. This is especially true in the case of photosynthetic eukaryotes, which, in addition to typical eukaryotic genes and genes of mitochondrial origin, also contain genes coming from the primary plastids and, in the case of secondary photosynthetic eukaryotes, many genes provided by the nuclei of red or green algal endosymbionts. Phylogenomic analyses have been applied to detect those genes and, in some cases, have led to proposing the existence of cryptic, no longer visible endosymbionts. However, detecting them is a very difficult task because, most often, those genes were acquired a long time ago and their phylogenetic signal has been heavily erased. We revisit here two examples, the putative cryptic endosymbiosis of green algae in diatoms and chromerids and of Chlamydiae in the first photosynthetic eukaryotes. We show that the evidence sustaining them has been largely overestimated, and we insist on the necessity of careful, accurate phylogenetic analyses to obtain reliable results.
منابع مشابه
Nucleus? Insights from Photosynthetic Eukaryotes What Was the Real Contribution of Endosymbionts to the Eukaryotic Subject Collection The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes from Fossils and Molecular Clocks On the Age of Eukaryotes: Evaluating Evidence
Phylogenomic Perspective The Archaeal Legacy of Eukaryotes: A Lionel Guy, Jimmy H. Saw and Thijs J.G. Ettema Splicing Origin of Spliceosomal Introns and Alternative Manuel Irimia and Scott William Roy How Natural a Kind Is ''Eukaryote?'' W. Ford Doolittle Eukaryotic Epigenetics and Geochemistry on the Provenance of Imprints of Bacterial Biochemical Diversification Protein and DNA Modifications:...
متن کاملWhat makes a chloroplast? Reconstructing the establishment of photosynthetic symbioses.
Earth is populated by an extraordinary diversity of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Many eukaryotic lineages contain chloroplasts, obtained through the endosymbiosis of a wide range of photosynthetic prokaryotes or eukaryotes, and a wide variety of otherwise non-photosynthetic species form transient associations with photosynthetic symbionts. Chloroplast lineages are likely to be derived from pre-ex...
متن کاملThe contribution of a mature real estate market to urban regeneration: What are the prerequisites?
متن کامل
Gene replacement of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase supports the hypothesis of a single photosynthetic ancestor of chromalveolates.
Plastids (photosynthetic organelles of plants and algae) are known to have spread between eukaryotic lineages by secondary endosymbiosis, that is, by the uptake of a eukaryotic alga by another eukaryote. But the number of times this has taken place is controversial. This is particularly so in the case of eukaryotes with plastids derived from red algae, which are numerous and diverse. Despite th...
متن کاملHuman Virome
Viruses are dominant entities in the biosphere and parasitize all cellular life forms. The relative abundances of different classes of viruses are dramatically different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In marine, soil and animal-associated environments, virus particles consistently outnumber cells by one to two orders of magnitude. It is estimated that 10 quintillion (1030) viral particles ...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
دوره 6 7 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2014